-았/었/였더니 (at/eot/yeotdeoni) is used to show two actions or states in a logical order. And the relationship between the two actions or states expressed through this grammatical structure can be 1) one being the reason or cause of the other, or 2) one happening after the other and the speaker is realizing it now. This grammatical structure is different from 때문에 or -아/어/여서 and not usually translated as 'because' or 'since'. This is best translated as “and then (affected by the previous action or state, the second one happened)” or “and then (what I saw happening was)”.
▶ 가다 – 갔더니
▶ 오다 – 왔더니
▶ 열다 – 열었더니
▶ 말하다 – 말했더니
– (eommahante malhaetdeoni, gaji mallago hasyeosseo.)
– I told my mom, and she told me not to go.
2. 월요일에 갔더니, 사람이 별로 없었어. [가다] [없다]
– (wolyoil-e gatdeoni saram-i byeollo eopseosseo.)
– I went on a Monday, and there weren't many people.)
3. 컴퓨터를 샀더니, TV를 줬어. [사다] [주다]
– (keompyuteo-reul satdeoni, tibi-reul jwosseo.)
– I bought a computer, and they gave me a TV.
4. 아이스크림을 너무 많이 먹었더니, 배가 아파요. [먹다] [아프다]
– (aiseukeurim-eul neomu mani meogeotdeoni, bae-ga apayo.)
– I ate too much ice cream and my stomach is hurting.
5. 냉장고 문을 열었더니, 펭귄이 들어 있었어. [열다] [들어 있다]
– (naengjanggo mun-eul yeoreotdeoni, penggwin-i deureo isseosseo.)
– I opened the refrigerator door, and there was a penguin inside.
문을 열어 봤더니 = 문을 열어 보니 [열다 + 보다]
집에 갔더니 = 집에 가니 [가다]
말했더니 = 말하니까 [말하다]
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